Dreams, Phantom Limbs and Virtual Reality: challenges to the singularity of space?

In the Transcendental Aesthetic of The Critique of Pure Reason, Immanuel Kant stated the a priori necessity of the singularity of space, “we can represent to ourselves only one space; and if we speak of diverse spaces, we mean thereby only parts of one and the same space … these parts cannot precede the one all embracing space … they can be thought only as in it”. In this paper I will review and criticise arguments against Kant’s claim, based upon the notion of ‘dream-space’, ‘virtual-space’ and ‘phantom-space’ and investigate the degree to which any of these putative ‘alter-spaces’ refutate Kant’s claim regarding the a priori necessity of the singularity of space.